Journal Opal · The Research University · 2026

Capital, Continuity & Consequence
Evidence into stewardship.

Rigorous sources for capital, continuity and consequence. Research on how families steward wealth, build institutions and carry responsibility across generations—paired with practical ways to put the evidence to work.

Source research & reports

152 preserved works

From evidence to practice

156 solutions companions

Napa forum

4 original analyses

The founding question

What should endure
when wealth changes hands?

A family office is an arrangement of capital, relationships and authority. This journal connects financial evidence with the governance, learning and accountability that make long-term stewardship possible. The first volume brings original source scholarship into conversation with operational solutions: decision records, diligence questions, succession processes and measurable learning.

Each pairing keeps a clear boundary between what the original authors established and what the editorial companion proposes. Source publication dates, authors, journals, existing DOIs and exact Creative Commons rights remain visible.

Preliminary applications open

Family Office & Private Wealth Management

Explore the proposed bachelor’s and master’s curricula and start a private preliminary application. Academic approval and formal degree enrollment remain pending.

New research collection · Volume 1

Research into Practice

Four reading paths connect governance, private capital, resilient property and accountable financial intelligence. Each source has a practical companion and separate passage agents.

New from the Napa conversation · Volume 1

Real Estate, Legacy & Resilient Capital

Debt resilience, climate exposure, succession, tenant obligations and accountable AI diligence. Read the flagship argument, then explore the research and its practical companions.

Featured research collection · Volume 1

Women in Wealth Leadership

The future of family office and private capital: succession, access to finance, board authority and financial agency.

Volume 1 · Capital, Continuity & Consequence

Research. Then a way forward.

Begin with the Napa conversation, explore the source research, and open each paired solutions article or paper agent.

81

Real estate & resilience · Research article

House Prices and Flood Risk Exposure: An Integration of Hedonic Property Model and Spatial Econometric Analysis

Nam Bui; Le Wen; Basil Sharp

The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics · 2022-11-15 · CC BY 4.0

Combines spatial and hedonic analysis of a Vietnamese flood event; useful for separating market discounts, legal status, physical exposure and recovery responsibilities.

Paired solutions article · Editorial analysis

A Flood Discount Is Not a Loss Estimate: A Property-Level Resilience Dossier

Observed market repricing after a flood and the physical costs of future flooding are different quantities. This companion translates evidence from Ho Chi Minh City into a property-level dossier that separates hazard, damage, legal status, market response and recovery obligations before a family office treats a discounted property as an opportunity.

82

Real estate & resilience · Research article

Mandatory climate risk disclosure, housing prices, and credit supply

Xi Chen

Review of Accounting Studies · 2026-07-09 · CC BY 4.0

Examines information asymmetry, housing prices and lender responses to disclosure mandates, challenging simplistic assumptions that transparency has a uniform price effect.

Paired solutions article · Editorial analysis

Climate Disclosure Without an Automatic Markup: A Transparency Review for Property Owners and Lenders

Better information can change housing prices and credit supply in ways that differ from a simple risk-discount narrative. This companion proposes a disclosure review that treats transparency as an obligation and a decision input, while resisting the unsupported use of an average research estimate as a property-level valuation uplift.

83

Real estate & resilience · Research article

Adjusting to the New Normal: River Flood Risk and the Real Estate Market

Henri Gruhl; Johannes Brehm; Arijit Ghosh; Philipp Breidenbach; Nils aus dem Moore

Environmental and Resource Economics · 2025-07-18 · CC BY 4.0

Shows heterogeneous housing-market responses after a salient flood, motivating review of exposed holdings even where market prices have not visibly adjusted.

Paired solutions article · Editorial analysis

The Salience Blind Spot: Reviewing Flood Exposure Where the Market Has Not Repriced

A market that shows little reaction to a major flood elsewhere may still contain material physical exposure. This companion develops a regional flood-risk review that separates hazard, recent experience and observed price response, drawing on evidence that German housing markets updated unevenly after the 2021 Western European flood.

84

Real estate & resilience · Research article

What Drives the Premium for Energy-Efficient Apartments – Green Awareness or Purchasing Power?

Carolin Pommeranz; Bertram I. Steininger

The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics · 2020-03-18 · CC BY 4.0

Investigates interaction of energy efficiency, purchasing power and green awareness in rental pricing, informing more disciplined retrofit assumptions.

Paired solutions article · Editorial analysis

Underwrite the Retrofit, Not the Green Premium: Energy Evidence for Family-Owned Rental Housing

Energy efficiency, tenant purchasing power and environmental preferences can interact in rental pricing, but an observed rent association is not a retrofit business case. This companion proposes a decision process that separates building performance, resident costs, lawful rent assumptions and capital recovery before a family commits to an energy project.

85

Real estate & resilience · Research article

Tenant Mix and Retail Rents in High Street Shopping Districts

Song Zhang; Mark van Duijn; Arno J. van der Vlist

The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics · 2020-07-03 · CC BY 4.0

Studies tenant mix under fragmented high-street ownership, relevant to district dependencies and long-term retail-property stewardship.

Paired solutions article · Editorial analysis

Steward the District, Not Just the Lease: A Retail Property Review of Tenant Mix and Shared Value

The economic setting around a retail property can matter as much as its own lease. Drawing on Dutch evidence linking tenant mix with high-street rents, this companion proposes a district-level diligence and stewardship process that examines complementary uses, ownership fragmentation and tenant viability without assuming that greater diversity always produces higher returns.

86

Real estate & resilience · Research article

Boosting the Accuracy of Commercial Real Estate Appraisals: An Interpretable Machine Learning Approach

Juergen Deppner; Benedict von Ahlefeldt-Dehn; Eli Beracha; Wolfgang Schaefers

The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics · 2023-03-22 · CC BY 4.0

Tests boosting-tree approaches to commercial appraisal errors, providing evidence for human-led challenger models and rigorous validation.

Paired solutions article · Editorial analysis

Challenge the Appraisal with a Model, Keep the Valuer Accountable: A Commercial Property Validation Protocol

Machine learning can reveal structured appraisal errors without acquiring the authority to determine value or approve a transaction. This companion proposes a human-led validation protocol for family offices that want to use model-assisted appraisal challenges while controlling data leakage, weak comparability, misleading explanations and unreviewed overrides.

87

Real estate & resilience · Research article

Making Circular Strategies Work: Advancing an Adaptable Building Framework through Action Design Research

Mohammad B. Hamida; Angela Greco; Hilde Remøy; Vincent Gruis; Brian van Laar

Systemic Practice and Action Research · 2025-05-31 · CC BY 4.0

Studies how practitioners turn a circular-building framework into usable tools, relevant to long-horizon owners deciding among building reuse options.

Paired solutions article · Editorial analysis

Make Adaptive Reuse Decidable: A Building-Options Workshop for Long-Term Owners

A circular-building framework becomes useful when a project team can turn its concepts into choices, evidence and responsibilities. This companion draws on action design research in a Dutch historic office building to propose a practical workshop process for family owners considering reuse, with explicit treatment of technical constraints, regulatory uncertainty and future adaptation.

88

Real estate & resilience · Research article

Real estate listings and their usefulness for hedonic regressions

Jens Kolbe; Rainer Schulz; Martin Wersing; Axel Werwatz

Empirical Economics · 2021-01-13 · CC BY 4.0

Directly compares listing and transaction evidence, informing controls that keep timely market monitoring distinct from defensible valuation.

Paired solutions article · Editorial analysis

The Asking-Price Firewall: Keeping Property Intelligence from Becoming a False Valuation

Property listings are timely and accessible, but they are not equivalent to completed transactions. This companion proposes a data and decision firewall that lets family offices use listings for market monitoring while preventing advertised prices, duplicate advertisements and unverified outcomes from silently becoming portfolio values.

89

Intelligence, trust & financial decisions · Peer-reviewed systematic review

Applications of Explainable Artificial Intelligence in Finance—a systematic review of Finance, Information Systems, and Computer Science literature

Patrick Weber; K. Valerie Carl; Oliver Hinz

Management Review Quarterly · 2023-02-28 · CC BY 4.0

Provides a concrete procurement discipline for offices buying AI-driven risk, portfolio, diligence or reporting tools.

Paired solutions article · Editorial analysis

Buying Explainability: An Evidence Contract for Family-Office AI Vendors

An explanation is useful only when it answers a consequential question for an accountable decision maker. This companion translates a systematic review of explainable AI in finance into an evidence contract for vendor selection, acceptance testing and ongoing review. The proposed contract separates predictive performance, explanation fidelity and operational usefulness; it has not been validated as a new intervention.

90

Intelligence, trust & financial decisions · Peer-reviewed research article

Two distinct and separable processes underlie individual differences in algorithm adherence: Differences in predictions and differences in trust thresholds

Achiel Fenneman; Joern Sickmann; Thomas Pitz; Alan G. Sanfey

PLOS ONE · 2021-02-25 · CC BY 4.0

Helps a family office distinguish reasonable skepticism, inaccurate expectations and unjustified confidence when introducing decision-support systems.

Paired solutions article · Editorial analysis

Calibrating Reliance: Two Questions Before a Family Office Delegates Judgment to an Algorithm

People may reject an algorithm because they expect weak performance or because they demand a different threshold before trusting it. This companion turns that distinction into an onboarding and evaluation protocol that seeks warranted reliance rather than higher adoption. The protocol preserves human responsibility and evaluates expectations and reliance separately.

91

Intelligence, trust & financial decisions · Peer-reviewed research article

Overconfidence, financial literacy, and panic selling: Evidence from Japan

Aliyu Ali Bawalle; Mostafa Saidur Rahim Khan; Yoshihiko Kadoya

PLOS ONE · 2025-03-21 · CC BY 4.0

Offers a governance process for distinguishing necessary liquidity actions, changed risk assumptions and unsupported conviction during market stress.

Paired solutions article · Editorial analysis

A Crisis Decision Record: Separating Liquidity Needs from Confidence-Driven Trading

During market stress, an urgent transaction can reflect a genuine cash need, a changed investment thesis or an untested reaction. This companion proposes a crisis decision record that makes those reasons inspectable without imposing a blanket hold-or-sell rule. It draws on evidence linking overconfidence and reported panic selling in Japan.

92

Intelligence, trust & financial decisions · Peer-reviewed research article

Robo-advisor acceptance: Do gender and generation matter?

Gianna Figà-Talamanca; Paola Musile Tanzi; Eleonora D’Urzo

PLOS ONE · 2022-06-29 · CC BY 4.0

Supports inclusive onboarding for principals, spouses, next-generation members and staff with different levels of digital and financial experience.

Paired solutions article · Editorial analysis

One Family, Several Adoption Paths: Designing Robo-Advice Onboarding Without Demographic Stereotypes

A family office should not equate digital comfort with financial understanding or infer a person’s needs from age or gender. This companion proposes an onboarding process that separately tests usefulness, usability and comprehension. It draws on a study of robo-advisor acceptance while preserving the limits of a small, highly educated sample.

93

Intelligence, trust & financial decisions · Peer-reviewed research article

Phishing suspiciousness in older and younger adults: The role of executive functioning

Brandon E. Gavett; Rui Zhao; Samantha E. John; Cara A. Bussell; Jennifer R. Roberts; Chuan Yue

PLOS ONE · 2017-02-03 · CC BY 4.0

Informs accessible, nonpunitive phishing exercises and transaction-verification training across family members and staff.

Paired solutions article · Editorial analysis

Practice the Verification, Not the Stereotype: A Respectful Phishing Rehearsal for Wealth Stewardship

Phishing protection should test a person’s verification process rather than presume vulnerability from age. This companion proposes a consent-based rehearsal using fictional messages and safe credentials, grounded in research on suspiciousness and executive functioning. It distinguishes recognizing a suspicious message from preventing an actual financial loss.

94

Intelligence, trust & financial decisions · Peer-reviewed research article

Cybercrime victimisation among older adults: A probability sample survey in England and Wales

Benjamin Havers; Kartikeya Tripathi; Alexandra Burton; Sally McManus; Claudia Cooper

PLOS ONE · 2024-12-18 · CC BY 4.0

Supports fraud reporting and recovery controls that do not mistake fewer reports for lower harm, especially across generations.

Paired solutions article · Editorial analysis

Beyond Incident Counts: A Family-Office Fraud Dashboard That Measures Harm and Recovery

A low number of reported scams can coexist with serious losses or repeated victimization. This companion proposes a harm-oriented fraud review for family offices, separating exposure, reporting, loss, recurrence and recovery. It draws on a probability-sample study while avoiding demographic risk labels for individual family members.

95

Intelligence, trust & financial decisions · Peer-reviewed research article

Fear of fraud amongst older adults: a hidden epidemic?

Mark Button; David Shepherd; Chloe Hawkins; Jacki Tapley

Security Journal · 2025-06-25 · CC BY 4.0

Helps a family office design protective communication that supports autonomy and reporting rather than creating avoidant behavior or shame.

Paired solutions article · Editorial analysis

Fraud Prevention Without Fear: A Dual-Outcome Review for Family Protection

A protective message can increase awareness while making everyday life feel unsafe. This companion proposes evaluating fraud-prevention communication for both useful protective behavior and unintended fear. It draws on research with older adults and keeps support, autonomy and financial controls distinct.

96

Intelligence, trust & financial decisions · Peer-reviewed research article

Disseminating fraud awareness and prevention advice to older adults: perspectives on the most effective means of delivery

Mark Button; David Shepherd; Chloe Hawkins; Jacki Tapley

Crime Prevention and Community Safety · 2024-10-23 · CC BY 4.0

Provides an actionable distribution and follow-up system for family protection, including people who are isolated or do not routinely use digital channels.

Paired solutions article · Editorial analysis

The Trusted-Contact Delivery System: Getting Fraud Guidance to the People It Misses

A family office can produce excellent fraud guidance that never reaches the person who needs it. This companion proposes a delivery register, consent-based trusted contacts and practical teach-back to close that gap. It treats channel preference as a design input rather than proof that a particular communication prevents loss.

97

Intelligence, trust & financial decisions · Peer-reviewed research article

Too soon to worry? Longitudinal examination of financial planning for retirement among Spanish aged workers

Francisco Palací; Irene Jiménez; Gabriela Topa

PLOS ONE · 2018-12-14 · CC BY 4.0

Provides a structured follow-through process for family-enterprise retirement education and transitions, with economic constraints kept distinct from motivation.

Paired solutions article · Editorial analysis

Planning That Persists: A Ninety-Day Retirement Readiness Review for Family Enterprises

Retirement planning is a process that must survive competing demands, not a document completed once. This companion proposes a ninety-day review for family-enterprise employees and participating family members, separating knowledge, confidence, economic constraints and completed actions. It draws on a longitudinal Spanish worker study without importing its findings as individualized advice.

98

Intelligence, trust & financial decisions · Peer-reviewed research article

Acceptance of AI-based tools in consumer financial decision-making: An application of the extended technology acceptance model

Tomasz Szopiński; Michał Buszko; Małgorzata Porada-Rochoń

PLOS One · 2026-03-19 · CC BY 4.0

Supports a carefully bounded AI financial-learning service for beneficiaries and next-generation family members without conflating engagement with competence.

Paired solutions article · Editorial analysis

From Useful to Used: A Measured Pilot for AI-Supported Financial Learning

Positive attitudes toward an AI assistant are not evidence that it improves financial judgment. This companion proposes a limited learning pilot that measures comprehension, source checking and appropriate escalation alongside adoption. It uses a study of consumer acceptance to distinguish a service people like from a service they can use responsibly.

99

Intelligence, trust & financial decisions · Peer-reviewed research article

Gullibility, loneliness, exploitation or just bad luck? Exploring older adults’ perceptions of fraud risks, protections and victimhood

Elisabeth Carter; Vasileios Karagiannopoulos; Annie Kirby; Mark Button

Security Journal · 2026-10-15 · CC BY 4.0

Informs respectful incident disclosure, cross-generational support and practical fraud learning without assigning blame or overriding decision-making authority.

Paired solutions article · Editorial analysis

From Blame to Disclosure: A Family-Office Conversation Protocol After Suspected Fraud

How a family responds to suspected fraud can determine whether the affected person shares the next warning sign. This companion proposes a nonjudgmental disclosure and learning protocol grounded in qualitative research on older adults’ perceptions. It protects autonomy, distinguishes support from authority and keeps causal claims within the source’s limits.

100

Intelligence, trust & financial decisions · Peer-reviewed research article

Prediction of robo-advisory acceptance in banking services using tree-based algorithms

Witold Orzeszko; Dariusz Piotrowski

PLOS ONE · 2024-05-06 · CC BY 4.0

Helps offices challenge a vendor’s customer segmentation claims and protect beneficiaries from propensity scores being mistaken for sound financial recommendations.

Paired solutions article · Editorial analysis

Interest Is Not Suitability: Auditing Predictive Targeting for Digital Wealth Services

A model that predicts who will accept a digital financial service does not establish who should use it. This companion develops a purpose-limited audit for family offices evaluating predictive targeting by banks or technology vendors. It separates marketing propensity, informed consent, appropriateness and observed outcomes.

An inspectable collection

Verified 2026-11-02. Targeted publisher and institutional-repository search across family-office finance, succession, private markets, philanthropy, impact and digital risk. This is a selected founding collection, not a claim that all eligible literature has been exhausted. The women-in-wealth collection adds 25 selected licensed studies, not an exhaustive systematic review. The separately linked SSRN directory is not counted as reproduced research. The real-estate legacy collection adds nine article-specific CC BY 4.0 research sources, nine source companions, one flagship synthesis and its operating protocol. The research-into-practice expansion adds 104 article-verified CC BY 4.0 sources and 104 original practical companions. Metadata discovery candidates are excluded from publication totals. DOIs and normalized titles are unique within this volume and were compared with the retained static open-research, APA and Stanford OJS catalog snapshot. Runtime-only additions and prior review queues were not fully available; network-wide novelty is not claimed. No increase to the 7,000-paper total is asserted. The solutions companions are AI-assisted editorial research analyses; they do not report new participant data or claim independent peer review.