Gullibility, loneliness, exploitation or just bad luck? Exploring older adults’ perceptions of fraud risks, protections and victimhood

Elisabeth Carter; Vasileios Karagiannopoulos; Annie Kirby; Mark Button

Security Journal · 2026-10-15 · Issue: 2027-12
Peer-reviewed research article · Version of record · CC BY 4.0 · 12,508 words

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Title: Gullibility, loneliness, exploitation or just bad luck? Exploring older adults’ perceptions of fraud risks, protections and victimhood
Human authorship: Elisabeth Carter; Vasileios Karagiannopoulos; Annie Kirby; Mark Button
Source: Complete manuscript edition 2026-10-22
Editorial record: Attributed Creative Commons source edition. Original publication and authorship remain with the source. Hosting is not a new peer-review decision.

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Original authors / creators: Elisabeth Carter; Vasileios Karagiannopoulos; Annie Kirby; Mark Button
Original publication: Security Journal · Palgrave Macmillan UK · 2026-10-15 · Issue date 2027-12
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doi:10.1057/s41284-026-00578-5
License & retained notices: CC BY 4.0
Rights and permissions Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ . Reprints and permissions
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Rights and permissions Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ . Reprints and permissions
Edition changes: Licensed narrative text edition. Original headings, paragraphs and references are preserved with normalized whitespace and layout. Figures, tables, display equations and separately licensed third-party material are not reproduced; use the linked original full text for those elements and definitive pagination. This is an attributed republication, not newly conducted research.
Evidence limits: A small qualitative interview sample cannot quantify risk, prove that loneliness or cognitive change caused victimization, or establish effectiveness of the recommended interventions. Publication online was 2026-10-15; the publisher currently associates the article with a 2027 issue.
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