← Respect · 20 readings

Parenting Journal · Volume 2 · Issue 2 · Licensed source edition

Physical Punishment in Childhood and Adolescence: Related Factors and Outcomes

Klara Svalin; Marie Torstensson Levander; Sten Levander

Originally published 2025-06-23 · Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma
Springer · DOI 10.1007/s40653-025-00725-x ↗

RespectLongitudinal studyCC BY 4.0
Ask this paper · Find source passages →

Editorial reading guide · Respect

How does my teenager describe the discipline they remember?

The study follows young people’s own accounts of punishment, preserving a perspective adults’ reports of discipline might miss.

Who was studied?

Young people born in Malmö who answered questions about punishment over three waves.

Age / stage: Ages 15, 16 and 19

Read with three questions

  1. How did the questions distinguish a history of punishment from current exposure?
  2. What changed within families over time, and which differences were already present?
  3. How does my teenager describe the discipline they remember?

Keep the limits in view

Following participants over time helps examine sequence, but does not eliminate selection, reporting differences or unmeasured family circumstances.

The text below is the original article’s licensed repository edition. Its wording is not rewritten. Use the Paper Agent beside the text to locate evidence; open the source for figures, tables and complete context.

Opening the verified paper and agent…

Checking the article identity, license record, and saved source text.

Open the repository record

Attribution & reuse

Follow the original.

Original authorship, publication date, journal and DOI are preserved. This issue’s TRICK placement and reading questions are editorial additions, not claims made by the original authors.

CC BY 4.0 · License notice ↗Original repository record ↗

Klara Svalin; Marie Torstensson Levander; Sten Levander (2025). Physical Punishment in Childhood and Adolescence: Related Factors and Outcomes Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40653-025-00725-x

Permissions checked against the saved article notice; repository publication notices screened 2026-11-04. This is not a new peer-review decision. The source authors and publishers are not represented as endorsing this issue.