Actionable companion · School leadership and instructional improvement
From leadership research to district action: Nursing Practice and Telehealth in School Health Services: A Scoping Review
AI-assisted editorial implementation guide. Proposed district actions are separate from the original authors’ findings and recommendations. Independent peer review of this guide is not asserted.
Evidence and transfer
Education-related source: verify which participants, institutions and outcomes were actually studied before district adoption. Source publication type: review-article. License and identity checks do not establish study quality or causality.
Original authors’ abstract, reproduced under the source license:
Abstract Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has propelled the adoption of telehealth in school settings, emphasising the pivotal role of nurses. This review explores the last decade’s evidence on telehealth interventions in school nursing practice; Methods: Following Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines, we conducted a systematic search in PubMed, CINHAL, and Web of Science in March 2023. Out of 518 articles across 21 journals, 32 satisfied the review criteria. The selection process rigorously adhered to PRISMA-ScR guidelines for scoping reviews; Results: The results were categorised into three main areas: (a) the purpose of telehealth and intervention strategies, (b) the role of nursing in school-based telehealth practice, and (c) perceived benefits and limitations of school-based telehealth studies. Telehealth interventions encompass health promotion, mental health management, and early diagnosis. School nurses play a multifaceted role, including management, education, and remote monitoring. While telehealth offers advantages like improved health and cost savings, challenges include digital literacy, device access, and costs; Conclusion: This review underscores the crucial role of telehealth in schools for enhancing healthcare delivery in educational settings. However, more empirical evidence is required to specify nurses’ contributions to school-based telehealth interventions. Promoting their leadership through stakeholder collaboration is essential. Further research should address challenges and opportunities in school nursing practice, enriching healthcare in educational settings. Keywords: school nursing, telehealth, nursing practice, school health, scoping review
Study methods
The scoping review method provided us with the opportunity to incorporate diverse methodologies (i.e., quantitative and qualitative studies) to identify the nature and extent of our research [38]. This scoping review adhered to the guidelines specified in the Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewer’s Manual [39] and followed the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews) checklist to ensure methodological rigor [40]. The completed checklist is provided as Supplementary Material S1.
Limitations
The integration of digital tools into educational settings has demonstrated many benefits in improving students’ heath. The studies included in this review highlighted various advantages, such as the following:
A 90-day district inquiry
- Days 1–15 · Appraise. Read the source methods, recruitment, comparator, outcomes and limitations. Record how the study setting differs from your district and which claim the design can support.
- Days 16–30 · Design. Choose one school improvement question with teachers. Protect a short shared planning cycle, agree an instructional change and use a common rubric for examining student work. Agree participation, privacy protections, baseline and stopping rules before starting.
- Days 31–60 · Observe. Collect the pre-agreed measures, keep a log of implementation changes and invite confidential voluntary feedback. Preserve existing support for staff and learners.
- Days 61–90 · Decide. Review implementation fidelity, teacher time and independently scored student work against a recorded baseline. Examine access differences and competing explanations before attributing changes to leadership. Make a dated decision to stop, revise or extend the inquiry.
Board decision brief
Present the local problem, source setting, evidence limits, intervention, responsible owner, total cost, measured changes and uncertainty. Separate staff perceptions, implementation measures and student learning outcomes.
Attribution and reuse
Raquel Ayuso Margañon; Maria Llistosella; Sonia Ayuso Margañon; Marta Rojano Navarro; Núria Bou Gràcia; Amalia Sillero Sillero. Nursing Practice and Telehealth in School Health Services: A Scoping Review. Healthcare (2023-12-08). https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11243124
Prepared 2026-11-07. Source authorship and DOI are preserved. The abstract and source passages are attributed extracts; this editorial guide is offered under the same CC BY 4.0 license.