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Parenting Journal · Volume 1 · Issue 2 · Licensed source edition

Children’s learning-by-teaching with a social robot versus a younger child: Comparing interactions and tutoring styles

Lena Pareto; Sara Ekström; Sofia Serholt

Originally published 2022-10-31 · Frontiers in Robotics and AI
Frontiers Media SA · DOI 10.3389/frobt.2022.875704 ↗

IndependenceWithin-subjects field study with video interaction analysisCC BY (version not stated)
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AI / system type

Autonomous social robot; programmed dialogue

Child-facing evidence

Examines children or child-focused systems. Transfer to everyday family life must be assessed separately.

The AI connection

A fully autonomous START robot used constrained speech recognition and programmed questions.

Why this reading matters

Detailed interaction coding clarifies what children actually do in learning-by-teaching.

Editorial reading guide · Independence

What does explaining a game to a robot reveal about my child’s own understanding?

Maps to Independence through explanation and responsibility when children teach rather than receive answers.

Study context

Ten sixth-grade tutors and ten third-grade tutees at a Swedish primary school

Age / stage: Tutors 12–13; tutees 9–10 years

Read with three questions

  1. How did robot and younger-child tutees differ in questions and initiative?
  2. Which exchanges created opportunities for tutor explanations?
  3. Why are learning opportunities different from measured learning gains?

Keep the limits in view

Small sample and one mathematics game; actual learning effects were not tested. Closely related to PMC8899022 and should not be counted as an independent replication.

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Attribution & reuse

Follow the original.

Original authorship, publication date, journal and DOI are preserved. This issue’s TRICK placement and reading questions are editorial additions, not claims made by the original authors.

CC BY (version not stated) · License notice ↗Original repository record ↗

Lena Pareto; Sara Ekström; Sofia Serholt (2022). Children’s learning-by-teaching with a social robot versus a younger child: Comparing interactions and tutoring styles Frontiers in Robotics and AI. https://doi.org/10.3389/frobt.2022.875704

Permissions checked against the saved article notice; repository publication notices screened 2026-11-04. This is not a new peer-review decision. The source authors and publishers are not represented as endorsing this issue.