Parenting Journal · Volume 2 · Issue 1 · Licensed source edition
Psychopathic Traits in Childhood: Insights from Parental Warmth and Fearless Temperament via Conscience Development
Originally published 2021-07-13 · Brain Sciences
Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI) · DOI 10.3390/brainsci11070923 ↗
Editorial reading guide · Kindness
How can I explain the effect of an action on someone else?
The authors examine the development of conscience alongside temperament and parental warmth.
Who was studied?
Preschool-aged children followed one and two years after enrollment
Age / stage: 3–6 years at enrollment
Read with three questions
- How did the authors investigate the development of conscience alongside temperament and parental warmth?
- Was the proposed family influence measured before the outcome, and who remained at follow-up?
- Were warmth, fearless temperament and conscience assessed by the same observer at each follow-up?
Keep the limits in view
The study began when children were aged three to six. Early traits and scale scores should not become lasting labels for individual children.
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Original authorship, publication date, journal and DOI are preserved. This issue’s TRICK placement and reading questions are editorial additions, not claims made by the original authors.
Laura López-Romero; Olalla Cutrín; Lorena Maneiro; Beatriz Domínguez-Álvarez; Estrella Romero; Annarita Milone; Gianluca Sesso (2021). Psychopathic Traits in Childhood: Insights from Parental Warmth and Fearless Temperament via Conscience Development Brain Sciences. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11070923
Permissions checked against the saved article notice; repository publication notices screened 2026-11-04. This is not a new peer-review decision. The source authors and publishers are not represented as endorsing this issue.