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Parenting Journal · Volume 1 · Issue 1 · Licensed source edition

Parents or Peers? Predictors of Prosocial Behavior and Aggression: A Longitudinal Study

Elisabeth Malonda; Anna Llorca; Belen Mesurado; Paula Samper; M Vicenta Mestre

Originally published 2019-10-22 · Frontiers in Psychology
Frontiers Media SA · DOI 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02379 ↗

KindnessThree-year longitudinal observational studyCC BY (version not stated)
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Editorial reading guide · Kindness

Do parents still matter for prosocial behavior as friendships become more important?

Places parental warmth alongside peer attachment when studying the development of prosocial behavior. It helps families consider kindness as relational development during adolescence rather than an isolated lesson.

Who was studied?

Adolescents from eleven schools reporting on mothers, fathers, peers, prosocial behavior and aggression.

Age / stage: Early to middle adolescence; mean age 14.7 at baseline

Read with three questions

  1. How were mothers’ and fathers’ warmth examined separately?
  2. Which associations with prosocial behavior extended into later years?
  3. How did the patterns for aggression differ from those for prosocial behavior?

Keep the limits in view

Repeated measurements improve temporal understanding but remain observational and reliant on adolescent reports. Parenting, peer relationships and behavior may influence one another.

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CC BY (version not stated) · License notice ↗Original repository record ↗

Elisabeth Malonda; Anna Llorca; Belen Mesurado; Paula Samper; M Vicenta Mestre (2019). Parents or Peers? Predictors of Prosocial Behavior and Aggression: A Longitudinal Study Frontiers in Psychology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02379

Permissions checked against the saved article notice; repository publication notices screened 2026-11-04. This is not a new peer-review decision. The source authors and publishers are not represented as endorsing this issue.