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Parenting Journal · Volume 1 · Issue 2 · Licensed source edition

Generative artificial intelligence literacy profiles differ in academic self-efficacy and subjective well-being among adolescents

Originally published 2026-10-14 · Frontiers in Psychology
Frontiers Media SA · DOI 10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1987633 ↗

IndependenceCross-sectional secondary survey and cluster analysisCC BY 4.0
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AI / system type

Generative AI/LLM literacy survey

Child-facing evidence

Examines children or child-focused systems. Transfer to everyday family life must be assessed separately.

The AI connection

Measures information evaluation, communication, creative use and ethical use of GenAI.

Why this reading matters

Large adolescent-specific sample and explicit distinction between associations and developmental effects.

Editorial reading guide · Independence

What does confident AI use reveal—and fail to reveal—about my teenager’s independent learning?

Maps to Independence through examining AI literacy alongside academic self-efficacy without assuming literacy caused it.

Study context

3,959 South Korean adolescents with prior GenAI experience

Age / stage: Middle- and high-school adolescents

Read with three questions

  1. Which four literacy dimensions defined the profiles?
  2. Why were adolescents without GenAI experience excluded?
  3. Why can adjusted differences in well-being not show an intervention effect?

Keep the limits in view

Cross-sectional self-report; two clusters mainly differ in overall level. Excludes nonusers and cannot establish that GenAI literacy improves efficacy or well-being.

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Attribution & reuse

Follow the original.

Original authorship, publication date, journal and DOI are preserved. This issue’s TRICK placement and reading questions are editorial additions, not claims made by the original authors.

Ja-Yeoung Lee (2026). Generative artificial intelligence literacy profiles differ in academic self-efficacy and subjective well-being among adolescents Frontiers in Psychology. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2026.1987633

Permissions checked against the saved article notice; repository publication notices screened 2026-11-04. This is not a new peer-review decision. The source authors and publishers are not represented as endorsing this issue.