Parenting Journal · Volume 2 · Issue 2 · Licensed source edition
Prevalence and factors of physical punishment and psychological aggression toward children under five in Mongolia: an analysis of the 2018 Social Indicator Survey
Originally published 2024-09-10 · Global Health Action
Taylor & Francis · DOI 10.1080/16549716.2024.2397838 ↗
Editorial reading guide · Respect
When setting a boundary, how would my words sound to a very young child?
The survey separately counts physical punishment and psychological aggression in early childhood, allowing the language used toward small children to be considered.
Who was studied?
Households represented in Mongolia’s 2018 Social Indicator Survey.
Age / stage: Children under 5
Read with three questions
- Whose report determined whether a child had experienced a given disciplinary practice?
- Whose perspective is represented by the ratings, and whose perspective is missing?
- When setting a boundary, how would my words sound to a very young child?
Keep the limits in view
Reports from this sample may reflect who participated and how the questions were worded. Associations alone do not establish that a parenting response caused the outcome.
The text below is the original article’s licensed repository edition. Its wording is not rewritten. Use the Paper Agent beside the text to locate evidence; open the source for figures, tables and complete context.
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Follow the original.
Original authorship, publication date, journal and DOI are preserved. This issue’s TRICK placement and reading questions are editorial additions, not claims made by the original authors.
Anujin Enkhbat; Seungman Cha; Ermias Tadesse Beyene; Yan Jin (2024). Prevalence and factors of physical punishment and psychological aggression toward children under five in Mongolia: an analysis of the 2018 Social Indicator Survey Global Health Action. https://doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2024.2397838
Permissions checked against the saved article notice; repository publication notices screened 2026-11-04. This is not a new peer-review decision. The source authors and publishers are not represented as endorsing this issue.