{ "checkedAt": "2026-11-04", "title": "Parenting and AI II", "volume": 2, "issue": 5, "articleCount": 100, "elements": { "trust": 20, "respect": 20, "independence": 20, "collaboration": 20, "kindness": 20 }, "uniqueDois": 100, "uniquePmcids": 100, "licenses": { "CC BY 4.0": 91, "CC BY (version not stated)": 9 }, "parentingRelevance": { "direct-parenting": 29, "family-applied": 24, "child-facing": 47 }, "aiSystemTypes": { "Mixed consumer AI and LLM use; qualitative family-practice study": 1, "General-purpose generative AI/LLM perceptions": 1, "Narrow diagnostic imaging AI scenarios": 1, "Proposed narrow otitis media diagnostic AI": 1, "General dental AI perceptions; no specific model evaluated": 1, "Hypothetical AI coaching/monitoring design": 1, "Hypothetical social-robot design; no LLM or autonomous robot trial": 1, "Narrow computer-vision facial pain assessment; not generative AI": 1, "Generative AI/LLMs; blinded answer-ranking and safety benchmark": 1, "Generative AI/LLM information and search tools": 1, "Generative AI/LLM multilingual answer benchmark": 1, "Generative AI/LLM clinical-information benchmark": 1, "Generative AI/LLM guideline-concordance benchmark": 1, "Generative AI/LLM emergency-advice safety benchmark": 1, "Generative AI/LLM expert-rated answer benchmark": 1, "Generative AI/LLM rare-disease information benchmark": 1, "Generative AI/LLM parent-information safety benchmark": 1, "Domain-specific generative AI/LLM with retrieval and guardrails": 1, "Hypothetical generative AI/LLM care-guidance designs": 1, "Generative AI/LLM accountability theory; hypothetical audit infrastructure": 1, "Proposed narrow child-protection ML; qualitative design evidence": 1, "Generative text/image AI and algorithmic music generation; supervised workshops": 1, "Proposed speech/NLP predictive AI; speculative-story consultation": 1, "Narrow interpretable predictive classification; not generative AI": 1, "Narrow EHR-based predictive models; subgroup performance audit": 1, "Narrow ML autism classifier plus human annotation; not LLM": 1, "Commercial automated surveillance/AI claims; no model performance validation": 1, "Older NLP intent classifier with scripted responses; not generative AI": 1, "Social-robot design analysis; no autonomous-system or LLM trial": 1, "Proposed narrow EHR risk prediction; stakeholder implementation evidence": 1, "Hypothetical narrow AI preference prediction; normative analysis": 1, "Consumer predictive/monitoring AI and hypothetical caregiver assistants": 1, "Mixed proposed predictive AI and content-generation roles; conceptual design": 1, "Mixed narrow predictive/imaging AI; dataset evidence review": 1, "Mixed narrow healthcare AI/ML; narrative equity analysis": 1, "Narrow imaging AI/ML; consensus-based equity framework": 1, "Mixed narrow surgical AI and adaptive systems; normative legal review": 1, "AI pediatric-trial governance proposal; no model or outcome trial": 1, "Mixed AI therapy-chatbot designs and adaptive systems; policy analysis": 1, "Direct-to-consumer generative AI/LLM companions; simulated-user quality audit": 1, "AI-literacy assessment; no deployed child-facing AI system evaluated": 1, "Generative AI/LLM in instructor-supported STEAM activities": 1, "Generative AI/LLM programming scaffold under teacher guidance": 1, "Generative AI/LLM use described by adolescents; no experimental system": 1, "AI-literacy/career-information experiment; no AI making career recommendations": 1, "Conversational generative AI (Doubao) within structured, human-facilitated instruction": 1, "Computer vision plus generative-AI AAC prototype; adult-mediated visual-scene creation": 1, "Mixed AI art systems, including generative-image and earlier adaptive/robotic tools; review": 1, "Heterogeneous adaptive/intelligent language-learning systems; meta-analysis, not an LLM-only evidence base": 1, "Mixed pediatric rehabilitation AI; predominantly robotics/human-machine interaction, not GenAI-specific": 1, "Programmed, near-autonomous social robot tutor; human-assisted speech detection, not an LLM": 1, "Preprogrammed social robot plus tablet; near-autonomous task responses, not generative AI": 1, "Human-teleoperated social robot with programmed behaviors; not an autonomous conversational AI": 1, "Programmed social robot with handwriting/computer-vision interface; no generative dialogue": 1, "Mixed autonomous programmed social robot and human-operated Wizard-of-Oz scaffolding; not an LLM": 1, "Programmed humanoid robot in a human-supported teaching package; no LLM": 1, "Programmed social robot storytelling/gesture system; not generative AI": 1, "Scripted multi-robot learning system; human-entered child responses, not LLM agents": 1, "Adaptive non-generative social robot algorithm; human-triggered start/end phases": 1, "Programmed social robot in theory-of-mind scenarios; no generative AI": 1, "Mixed AI learning apps as described by caregivers; not a verified trial of a particular LLM": 1, "Hypothetical AI rehabilitation assistant and design fiction; no deployed LLM or effectiveness trial": 1, "Earlier commercial voice assistants and embodied social robot; not contemporary open-ended LLM chat": 1, "Earlier commercial speech/NLP personal assistant with configured prompts; not an LLM health coach": 1, "Earlier intent-classification/NLP chatbot with human handoff; not generative LLM advice": 1, "Hypothetical speech/NLP voice-assistant support; no deployed LLM or measured care effect": 1, "Consumer generative AI/LLM tools reported by patients and parents; observational use, not clinical validation": 1, "Narrow AI personalization/recommendation within a multicomponent care platform; not an LLM": 1, "Earlier intent-based NLP conversational agent with authored responses; not generative AI": 1, "Narrow predictive machine learning and NLP in a deployed ED app; not a generative chatbot": 1, "Facilitator-mediated LLM critique and generative imaging in youth citizen science": 1, "Hybrid AI-planned socially assistive robot with substantial human operator control; not an LLM": 1, "Programmed educational robot prototypes and imagined social robotics; no deployed generative AI": 1, "Earlier NLP plus rule-based clinical pathways and human escalation; generative AI was future work": 1, "Human-operated, programmed social robot; not an autonomous or LLM therapist": 1, "Expressive social-robot prototype; programmed demonstration, with unvalidated aspirations for autonomous emotional interaction": 1, "Hybrid narrow AI/knowledge-based social robot and avatar; not a generative LLM or automated diabetes treatment": 1, "Mixed rule-based/AI chatbots and narrow or generative AI interventions; system-specific differences matter": 1, "Embodied narrow-AI robot pet; no LLM conversation or autonomous caregiving": 1, "Participatory exploration of social robotics with overt teleoperation; not an autonomous AI or LLM trial": 1, "Contemporary generative AI chatbots and companions; observational use, not an intervention": 1, "Hypothetical chatbot interface and prewritten questions; no live GenAI": 1, "Constrained NLP/ML therapeutic conversational agent with human clinical oversight; not established as GenAI": 1, "Wizard-of-Oz pilot plus autonomous speech-recognition social robot with constrained dialogue": 1, "Rule-based lessons plus explicitly reported limited AI recognition of emotions, management status and risk words; demonstrated prototype": 1, "Autonomous social robot with basic NLP and preprogrammed adaptive activities": 1, "Automated ACT conversational service with human distress handoff; model architecture unspecified": 1, "Planned AI/ACT chatbot intervention; architecture unspecified and no evaluable treatment exposure": 1, "Remotely controlled social robot with automated behavior measurement": 1, "Teleoperated peer-like storytelling robot with recorded speech and constrained choices": 1, "Mixed scripted, teleoperated, hybrid and autonomous socially assistive robots": 1, "Human-triggered preprogrammed social robot; no generative or adaptive conversation": 1, "Wizard-of-Oz socially assistive robot plus automated facial-expression measurement": 1, "Structured robot-delivered psychological training with tablet responses; no GenAI evaluated": 1, "Fully teleoperated NAO with matched recorded speech and programmed actions": 1, "Programmed/adaptive game-mediating social robot; qualitative analysis, not GenAI": 1, "Teleoperated android and simple humanoid with scripted emotional-disclosure interviews": 1, "Wizard-of-Oz delivery of programmed NAO activities within therapist-led care": 1, "Simple sensor-reactive companion robot cat; no conversational GenAI": 1, "Proposed adaptive AI-enhanced social robot; qualitative design study, no live AI intervention": 1 }, "truncatedEditions": 0, "sourceCharacters": 4576344, "originalAttributionPreserved": true, "newToExistingArticles": 600, "featureCounted": false, "independentPubmedNoticeChecks": 100, "nonPubmedIndexedPmcids": [], "selectionCriteria": [ "Substantial AI/system topic and substantive child, parent or family relevance", "Useful empirical evidence, synthesis or clearly argued ethical/design analysis", "Inspectable original source text and explicit article-level CC BY or CC BY-SA grant", "Original authors, journal, date, DOI and evidence limits remain visible" ], "limits": [ "Impactful is an editorial relevance judgment, not an impact-factor or citation ranking.", "TRICK classification is editorial; studies do not collectively test the framework.", "Older voice agents, social robots, human-operated robot studies and modern generative AI remain distinct.", "AI output benchmarks, acceptability reports and short trials do not establish long-term family benefit or the safety of consumer AI products.", "Applicability and ages remain source-specific; some evidence is child-facing rather than a study of parents." ], "canonicalIssuePath": "/journals/parenting/volumes/2/issues/5", "catalogSha256": "e0b647ff4512a31be79ddfbd092ac7b8f91450d99f0b6426d4d5d4e68f42c94e" }